Means for regulating hydraulic turbines



P. w. SEEWER. MEANS FOR REGULATING HYDRAULIC TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN-19, 1920.

1,333 ,509. Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

. E Q I77, v 2 snmsqnsar I. a y x P. w. SE EWER. MEANS FOR REGULATINGHYDRAULIC TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 19. I920.

1,333,509. Q Q7 Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

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To all whom it may concern: I ,Be. itknown that; I, PAUL ,WERNERSEE-EIR, a citizen of he ,Swiss Confederation, residing atGeneva,Switzerland,g'h ave invented; certain new. and usefulImprovements inMeans for Regulating Hydraulic Turbines, of which thefollowing is a speci- "This invention is for improvements in or relatingto bines and provides improved apparatus of the same general characteras is illustrated in my: UnitedQStatesv Patent No. 1282470;

describes means whereby, in a;;free jet hydraulic turbine,

its force and avoiding the impartation of venergy to the turbine wheel,without cutting ofi the flow of water. This spreading out of the jet maybe caused to take place very rapidly by the governor mechanism of theturbine and subsequently the water may be cut-oflt' by suitable meanssuch as a needle'valve at so slow a rate that no injuriouspressureefiiects are produced in, the

water supply system.

. By. the present invention, in hydraulic free jetturbinesthere iscombined with the to cause the jet to diverge,

1 a shield interposed between the nozzle and 1 the turbine wheel tocatch the spray of a thewhole of the water: issuing fromthe jet whenthis is dispersed in the This distance 1s in general divergent jet ofwater and dir ectflit ;away

frornithe wheel, but provided with an aperture topermit the passage ofaclosed et.

As the degree of the dispersion of the'jet is relatedtothe size of thejet opening 1n the nozzle a certain distance must be observed betweenthe nozzle and the shield soithat it may catch andjdiv'ert substantiallyorm of a cone. smaller than that necessitated by the means commonlyemployed for 1 tercepting and diverting closed, that 'is undispersedjets. Thedistance between the nozzleand the shield can be; furtherreduced by making-the aperture in the? shield variab'le withathe size of.the

jet and as smalljas ls p'racticable ion-the passage of the jet. a a IfAccording 1 to this invention when a needle-valve or the like"JS'PIOYiIdGd control- ;lingrthefnozzl th s ieldihevemee specificationof liie tters Patent.

the regulationjof hydraulic turthe jet may 1 be caused to diverge intoconical form when so required, for the purpose of dissipating Referringto .Fig. formed in the end of'a curved 'waterinlet {How of theoil.

D a byiit C is connected with the oil supply; while" need e valv :i nque.

rea ed-Ma 9, 12

Application filed January 19, 920. Serial No. 352,563.-

such as sliding plates tovary-the size of the aperture of a-jet, suchmeans being. interconnected with the operating means for 'theneedle-valve, so that as the jet is reduced in size the aperture in theshield through which it' passes is reduced also.

; .,The embodiment' ofthe. invention illustrated-in the accompanyingdrawings will nowv be vdescribed in detail.

\Innthe drawings- Figure 1 illustrates one construction by a verticalsectional view through the nozzle and governor mechanism, thelatterbeing only diagrammatically" indicated; 7 r Fig. 2 illustrates inside elevation asecond constructionwith a variable aperture for theshield; i I Figs; 3 and 4 are details showing the dispersing the jet,and I Fig. 5Jis a detail section of the shield shown in Fig.2. 3

a pipe casting A provided with a cylindrical guide 1A for an axiallydisposed needle The needle 'valveB has a long hollow tubular stern .Bworking in the guides A and extending through, the casting .A intoanoperatmg cylinder C. 1A piston 13 secured to'the stern B works in thiscylinder and is operated byoil pressure j ,Qilis i'distributed to thesepipes by a piston valve ,1) connected to a control lever; N of agov-'ernor N. Oil is admitted to supplied through the pipes 13 ,11)?

the} distribution valve'charnberD by a port ,.l {and when the valve D islifted by the governor owing to a rise in speed of'theturbine; the

"oil passes to the plpe D and thence to the back end of thecylinder Cand operates the needle valve ]3 to'close ,the' nozzle A ,Tlfhisoperation is caused to as may be desired by a regulatingivalve, D

take place j as slowly -in--the pipe Dfi'whi hrestricts; the rate of thevalve D 1 descends, the pipe the front n vof-f ylind turbine fall p st B'ee re pond e a fly i at, P0"

1 the nozzle A is- Should thejspeed Qfjthe,

method of operation ofthe guide vanes for To this end the trunnions Eare extended inwardly through slots 13 in the hollow stemof the needlevalve and the spindles of the guide vanes carryshort levers E Theselevers E F which slides are operated by a control rod within the needlevalve stem and is provided, adjacent to the levers, with inclined slotsF Blocks E carried on the endsiof the levers slidein the slots and thusvanes are deflected. The control rod with a; piston F C? serves "topress the piston rearwardly, while, oil is supplied underpressurethrough and with itthe control rod F normally forward against the springand hold the guide whenthe control rod F is caused to slide "backwardaway from the nozzle the guide an operating cylinder G and is providedworking therein. A spring a pipe G toforce the piston F vanes E in their,straight, that is uninclined position.

V by a second piston valve H whichis pressed *down'into its normal orbottom position by a spring H lowed out to forma dash-pot or'cataract'provided with a piston H ,piston rod H extending outside the The oilsupply to the pipe G is controlled The piston valve H is holiegulatingscrew H. The piston rod H is jointed to the control lever N of the governorf N."

The screw H extends to the bottom of the perforation in the rod' H andcontrols the lateral portsopening into the space above {the pistonfH butthis arrangement is ,.shown in any "p ior Patent No. 1,282,470,hereinbefore referred to; V a t "on the front offthenoz'zle A there issupported a deflecting shield ollow casting, the front of which forms ansize' offthe jet to" permitjthe passage of the sainef Ajlarge opening Kis provided inthe Side; of; theicast'ing K for the outflow f .un' r Vemper the tf'is intoithe and thus whenithe pis- V .-idly', the spring Hby means of cataract mecha- 1n the guide'oastingA The guide vanes lienormally ina plane passing through the axis ofthe'nozzle that'isparallel to the normal axial flow of the water. They can however beinclined to their normal plane when desired, to impart a whirling motionto the waterand thus cause the jet to spread out.

. H slowly once more into its lowermost posi- F extends rearwardly into7 ifthe load should increase ca'usingthe govvalve chamber, and v B?valve D and the associated parts K in the form of form of a spray. Thiswater therefore flows away directly into the discharge tunnel of theturbine without touching .the. wheel.

In operation upon lalsudden decrease of load on the turbine'the governorrises mp v draws-up the piston valve H against n sm comprising thepiston rod andpiston H H "Oil pressure is therefore'released from behindthe piston F and the 'bar F moves over immediately under the influenceof the spring 0 and deflects the guide vanes V E and disperses the jetofwaterinto a spray thus preventing any ra id: rise of speed on the partof the turbine before the water' is out ofi'l The piston valve Disraised at the same time as piston valve H so that the needle valve Balso moves over but more slowly owing to the retarding effect of theregulating valve Di, and cuts off the water. WVhile this is takingplacethe oilin the cataract' within the piston valve H has time to leakthrough the adjusting valve H and the spring I-I therefore depresses thevalve tion. The guide vanes are therefore returned to thestraight ornormal position and the jet, now reduced in quantity, becomes solid oncemore. Should the load decrease only slowly the cataract within thepiston valve H permits the governor N to rise' without a moving thevalve Hand thus; the guide vanesare not operated, although the operationof the needlevalve 1s unafl ected. Also ernor to fall the guide.vanesare not oper ated. Should however the 011 pressure fall which mightcause a dangerous rise in speed of the turbine the spring C will operatetheguide vanes todispersethe jet of water and stop themachine. If forany I otherreason a dangerous rise in speed occurs, the valve H will belifted positively by the piston H? onthisieaching the limit of itstravel within the dashpot and thus the 1 guide vanes will be operated asbefore described. w 7 p i It will be seen that the cylinder 0, pistonconstitute a fluid-pressure relay for o erating the needle valve B. Thecylinder piston F L and valve Hf constitute a second-fluid-pres surerelay for operatingthe guide yanes E. c The bell-crank lever N F androd-N constitute a differential link-work of :known type for correlatingthe 'movementsjofjthe needle valvewith thoseofthe governor;

I Referring to Fig. 2 the general construe lying acrossthe path of ,the'jet of water and provided with-an openslightly larger than ther'naxirnum tion of the nozzle and governor mechanism is similar to thatin Fig. 1 but the deflecting v "*can slide-up and down i111 a directionparallel 1'30 to the bafile plate K and are provided with lugs L whichpass through slots in the side of the deflector K. The lugs L engagewith slots M M in a rocking plate M, pivoted on the side of thedeflector K. The rocking plate M is connected by a rod M to a lug N*formed on the upper end of the hereinbefore described lever I Thedirection and disposition of the slots M M inrocking plate M is suchthat, as the needle valve B moves forward to close the nozzle A and inso doing rocks the lever N the plates L, L are caused to slide nearer.together. The lips L L* of these two plates are formed more or less toinclose the jet and it will be seen that as the jet is reduced in size,they move closer together, so that they are always as close to the jetas is practicablewithout touching it. Thus, upon the guide vanesoperating, to disperse the jet, very little ofthe water will find itsWay through the aperture K on to the bucket.

lVhat I claim as myinvention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In hydraulic free-jet turbines the com bination of a turbine wheel, awater-nozzle for directing a jet of water thereon, a needle valve forregulating the normal flow of 7 water, means independent of the needlevalve for regulating the nozzle which act by causing the jet to diverge,and a shield interposed between the turbine wheel and the nozzle tocatch the water of a divergent jet and direct it away from the wheel,but provided with an aperture to permit the passage of a closed jet.

2. In hydraulic free-jet turbines the c0mbination of a turbine wheel, awater-nozzle for directing a jet of water thereon, regulat- 'ing meansfor the nozzle comprising a needle-valve and means to cause the jet todiverge, a shield mterposed between the turbine wheel and the nozzle tocatch the Water of a divergent jet and direct it, away from the wheel,but provided with an aperture to permit the passage of a closed jet andmeans to vary the size of the said aperture operatively connected withthe said needle valve.

3. In hydraulic-free-jet turbines the combination of a turbine wheel, awater-nozzle for directing a jet of water thereon, regulating means forthe nozzle comprising a needle-valve operated by a fluid-pressure relayand means independent of the needle valve for causing the jet to divergeoperated by a second fluid-pressure relay, a governor for controlllngboth the sa1d fluid-pressure relays, a differential link-work forcorrelating the movements of the needle-valve with those of thegovernor, and a shield interposed between the turbine wheel and thenozzle to catch the water of a divergent jet and divert it away from thewheel, but providedwith an aperture to permit the passage of a closedjet. g

.4. In hydraulic free-jet turbines the com bination-of a turbine wheel,a water-nozzle for directing a jet of Water thereon, regulating meansfor the nozzle comprising a needlevalve operated by a fluid-pressurerelay and means to cause the jet to diverge operated by a secondfluid-pressure relay, a governor for controlling both the saidfluid-pressure relays, a differential link-work for correlating themovements of the needle-valve with those of the governor, a shieldinterposed between the turbine wheel and the nozzle to catch the Waterof a divergent jet and direct it away from the wheel, but provided withan aperture to permit the passage of a closed jet and means to vary thesize of the said aperture operatively'connected with the saidneedle-valve.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature. I I

PAUL WERNER. SEEWER.

